Daisy aka nine flowers, yellow flowers. Asteraceae, chrysanthemum, flower, one of China's top ten, is one of the world's four major cut flowers. Chrysanthemum variety, can be configured in the parterre garden, the flower border or rockery, you can also make flower, bonsai, flowers, wreaths, Dahlia, cliff daisy, chrysanthemum tower, tree daisy, chrysanthemum and other bar, but can be used for interpolation bottle Cut. In recent years, he began to develop ground-cover chrysanthemum, it was as "Flowering" and other purposes. In addition, the chrysanthemum also has Liver eyesight, the effect of dispersing heat, some can be eaten as a vegetable chrysanthemum. Such as chrysanthemum brain Nanjing area of ​​a popular vegetable, it leaves its young shoots, fresh and delicious, and nutritious. Chinese agricultural shelterbelts cultivation techniques now described as follows:

1 Morphology and species

Daisy is a perennial herb flowers. Height 60 ~ 150cm, the whole plant densely white hair, erect stems, woody base, much branched. Leaves alternate, rich leaf shape change, from ovate to broadly lanceolate, notched and serrated edge. Capitulum or axillary, achenes, bear fruit within a exalbuminous seed, l ~ February next year maturity.

Flowering chrysanthemum vary, there are summer chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum, cold chrysanthemum (Dong Ju) of the points. Variety is very wide, more than 3000 kinds, most of them traditional potted chrysanthemum.

2 Growth habit

Daisy is a short-day plants under short-day energy early flowering. Hi sunshine, avoid shading, the more drought, the fear of floods. Hi warm and humid climate, but can also hardy, long Yan Dongsheng optimum temperature 18 ~ 21 ℃, the highest 32 ℃, minimum 10 ℃, underground rhizomes low temperature limit is generally -10 ℃. Flowers can withstand micro-cream, but the bud seedling growth and branching of the higher temperatures required. The optimum growth temperature is about 20 ℃. Hi Gaozao terrain, deep soil, rich in humus, loose and fertile and well-drained sandy loam. In slightly acidic to neutral soil can grow, and a pH value of 6.2 to 6.7 is better, avoid continuous cropping. Darkness and night temperature 10 ℃ suitable for flower buds.

3 breeding methods

Chrysanthemum general use cutting propagation, cutting propagation can be divided chrysanthemum bud plug, twigs and buds plug inserted.

3.1 buds plug

In autumn and winter cut foot plant outside bud cuttings. Select from plant buds far, bud plump, stripped the lower leaves, according to the spacing 3 ~ 4cm, spaced 4 ~ 5cm, holding 7 ~ 8 ℃ room temperature, after the arrival of spring planted outdoors.

3.2 Technical tender plug

This method is most widely used. Cutting more than 4 to 5 months. Interception shoots 8 ~ 10cm as cuttings, after inserting put to good management, at a temperature of 18 ~ 21 ℃, most varieties rooting about three weeks, about four weeks you can transplant seedlings on pots.

4 Potted technology

4.1 Cultivation Stages

Cuttings from winter to bloom the following year, in November, it takes one year. After roughly four stages:

4.1.1 winter survival. When planting Qiumodongchu female, featured robust foot bud cuttings raising seedlings.

4.1.2 spring planting. Miao points in mid-April on the basin, basin with ordinary leaf mold, without fertilizer.

4.1.3 summer set. Use of topping, peel lateral buds, bud growth promoting foot to mid-July unearthed shoots grow to about 10cm high, choose one fully developed, plump bud seedlings Huanpen colonization.

4.1.4 raising autumn. In mid-July will be selected seedlings shifted 20 ~ 24cm diameter pots Pentu requires loose, fertile. Huanpen will Xiaopen daisy seedlings with soil lump poured to sprout as the center plant, and cut off the remnants of more buds, add soil to a depth of compaction of the original vaccine. After Huanpen, while the growth of new plants and the mother plant until after the development of new strains have been robust, the old strains of soil cut together, and loose soil, watering method Taomi filled with ordinary potting 30%, plus 20% 30% of the mature compost. At this time there are 80% of the pot full of loam, one week after the birth of new roots, paragraph 3, of old and new 3-band roots and Kikunae rapid growth, the formation robust plants with strong root system. Throughout the cultivation process, for a second bowl, fill twice soil, maternal and new strains of three hair roots. During removal side note bud and fertilizer management and pest control, until flowering.

4.2 Fertilizer Management

Watering Chrysanthemum cultivation method is very important. Cold weather noon watering, watering should be in the morning and evening summer. Daily watering twice when high temperatures and drought, not too much water under normal circumstances. Fertilizers outside except when Kikunae normal growth, about 10 days Shi 1 light fertilizer, after the beginning of autumn, vigorous plant growth, increase the number of fertilizer, fertilizer can increase concentration; when the flower buds are formed when applying phosphorus fertilizer, fertilizer should be in the evening, the first two days early in the morning and then poured water 1 times, in order to ensure normal breathing roots. Non-staining foliar fertilization. In the early growth of chrysanthemum often tillage weeding. Not to soil compaction, in order to facilitate root development.

4.3 Topping, except bud, Li pillar

Topping can control the height and a predetermined number of flowering plants. Usually there are single sticks, double sticks and multi-branch form. When the height of about 15cm or scions grow 3 to 4 vane begins topping, you can pick 2 or 3 times. The rapid growth of the number of times you want more, reduce the number of contrary, the last general conduct before and after the beginning of autumn. Chrysanthemum bud a lot, but every branch leaving only one bud to the top; to be sure, can be divided into three stripping bud, 1st left bud 3, 2nd left 2, 3rd left one. General pot, leaving only three to five healthy branches. Potted chrysanthemum flowers large, fragile branches, should stand pillar topping the last tie bar is fixed.

4.4 Growth hormone treatment

Potted chrysanthemum growing season long, if not properly managed, that would be leggy, causing thin stem height, feet off serious, affecting ornamental value. MET spray chrysanthemum dwarf had a significant effect, the general pot Shi 2 ~ 4mg, foliar spraying 80 ~ 160mg / kg, spray 1-2 times, the last time one week after topping appropriate to.

4.5 Pest Control

Common diseases are leaf spot, black spot, powdery mildew and root rot, yellow Cimei cultivation techniques belong to fungi, because too much soil moisture, caused by poor drainage and ventilation and light. Mainly be prevented by improving the ecological environment. Pentu suitably 1:80 formalin disinfection, growing 80% Zineb available or 50% thiophanate liquid spray treatment.

Pests are aphids, spider mites, looper, Ju Hu (chrysanthemum beetles), grubs, leafminer larvae, grasshoppers and snails, can strengthen the cultivation and management, artificial hunting and spraying to prevent and treat separately.

4.6 after flowering management

After the flower aerial parts withered leaves, but the roots of the sprouts appear to be cold in winter, before winter to apply a fertilizer, watering during dry soil, prompting the bud germination, growth robust, ready for spring cuttings. As it grows rapidly increase the number of fertilizer, an appropriate increase in the concentration and amount of fertilizer. When chrysanthemum strains steering reproductive growth, should stop dressing in order to facilitate differentiation, so that the normal chrysanthemum bud and blossom.